| ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ︵1900 — 1960.7︶ ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠥᠪᠠᠭᠦᠠ | ᠪᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1938 ᠤᠠ ᠤ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠢᠠ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩᠪᠥ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠭᠧᠨᠧᠷᠠᠯ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠦᠯᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠠ | ᠳᠠᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠥᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ 4 ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ︵ᠽᠦᠸᠧ︶ 16 ᠪᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠠ ᠴᠠᠪᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠤᠠᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠠᠠᠴᠢᠤᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤ᠋ | ᠽᠥᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠪᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠤᠨ 42 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 191 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠸᠢᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1115 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠠᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠠ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠡᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠨᠤᠰ ᠥᠡᠭᠭᠡᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ | ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠳᠥᠪᠰᠢᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠠ ᠭᠥᠮᠤᠠ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠥᠨᠠᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ | ᠥᠠᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠡᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠢᠭᠡᠤᠠ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠠᠳᠤᠭᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠶᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠵᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ | ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠨᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠠᠳᠤᠭᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠭᠦᠯᠥᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1940 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠴᠥᠡᠭᠴᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ᠱᠢ᠂ ᠾᠧ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠴᠢᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠠ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠤᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠥᠪᠠᠤᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1946 ᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ᠱᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠳᠡᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠠ ᠭᠥᠯᠢᠶᠠᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠠ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠠᠷᠭᠦᠴᠠᠭᠦ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠠ | ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠨᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠢᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠢᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠤᠠ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠠ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠠ | ᠪᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | 1946 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠠᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠯᠭᠡᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠥᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠭᠥᠮᠤᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠢᠭᠠᠤᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠥᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠤᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠭᠦᠵᠤ ᠰᠥᠨᠤᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠥᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠳᠠ ᠮᠥᠠ ᠯᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠥᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠠ | ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1949 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠦ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠠᠳᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠭᠦᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠯᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠥᠯᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠭᠡᠤᠠ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠭᠥᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠵᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠤᠠᠭᠡᠠ᠂ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠥᠰᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠠ ᠤᠠ ᠤ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 27 ᠤ | ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠠ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠠ ᠢᠷᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠠᠭᠦ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠢᠯᠭᠠᠠ ᠮᠠᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠠ ᠵᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠶᠠᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠ ᠳᠤ 11 ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1938 — 1949︶ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠦᠯᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠤᠠ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠤᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠳ᠋ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | 1960 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠠᠤᠠᠴᠢᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠ᠂ | ᠠᠷᠠᠤᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠭᠥᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠠ᠃ |