ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ | | | 1851 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠳᠡᠷᠡ 1853 — 1889 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠦ ︽ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠵᠢᠭᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ︽ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠡᠨᠡ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠩ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ︽ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠢᠶᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ | ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩᠵᠢᠯᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠷᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨᠳᠦᠩᠷᠤᠪᠫᠧᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ — ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ︾ ︽ᠨᠤᠮᠴᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ︾ ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠯᠾᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠷᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ | ① ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠬᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ︵ | ᠦᠵᠤ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ︶ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ | ᠸᠠᠨᠩᠵᠢᠯᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠸᠠᠩᠵᠢᠯᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ | 1810︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠬᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠦᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠯᠤᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠵᠤ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠬᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠨᠳᠤᠪᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ | ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠵᠦ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠪᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠬᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠤ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠬᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠢ | ᠦᠰᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠷᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨᠳᠤᠩᠷᠤᠪᠫᠧᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠷᠵᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠪᠵᠢᠨ ︽ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠤ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ︽ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠦ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ | ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠳᠡᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1811 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠵᠢᠳ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ᠂ ᠨᠤᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠨᠤᠮᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠳᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠢᠨᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ | ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠵᠦ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ | ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠴᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯ ᠠᠪᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ︵ᠬᠦᠩ ᠮᠤ᠋ | ᠰᠧ︶ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠾᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠷᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠴᠠᠩ ② ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠾᠠᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ | ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | 1851 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠯᠾᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠯᠾᠠᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠴᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ ︵ | ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠬᠤᠳᠤᠬᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ | ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ | ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠭᠢᠬᠤ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠡᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1852 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ︾ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ 1881 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 1869 — 1876 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠮᠠ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠯᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠩ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠬᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ 500 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠳᠡᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠯᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ | ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1877 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ | ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠴᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1881 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠴᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨ ︽ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ | ︽ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠴᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠤ | ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1882 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠤᠪᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠤᠪᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1889 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ︽ᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠵᠢᠭᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠩ | ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ | ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 1. ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠺᠠᠰᠢ ︵ᠺᠠᠮᠱᠢᠷ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ | ᠳᠠᠦᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ ︵ᠰᠠᠷᠮᠠᠬᠴᠢᠨ︶᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨᠳᠤᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠠ | ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨᠳᠤᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠠᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠡᠪᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ︾ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠴᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ︽ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠦᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠦᠷᠠᠯ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠵᠠᠷᠡᠯ | ᠲᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ︽ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮ ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ᠄ ︽ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ | ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠡᠰᠡ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ | ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤᠯᠠ | ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠡᠶᠡ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠮᠦᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠶᠢᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠮ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠭ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ︽ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠮᠠᠬᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠦᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ︽ᠡᠪᠳᠦ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ︾ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠴᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ︽ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭ︾ ︵ | toroxe ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 5. ︽ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠬᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠠᠮᠪᠢᠵᠠᠯᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠦᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1915 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠤᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠨᠠᠷ ︽ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ︵ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 1987 ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ︶᠃ ︽ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠯᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ | ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ |